Law enforcement statistics analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law enforcement statistics analysis - Essay ExampleOn a appressed examination, it came to my mind that in some years, projections exceeded the effective number of arrests while in some years, the reverse had happened. The projections center on or so 12500 in 1987 but the actual number of arrests made was around 10500.That meant officials had expected more puerile crimes in that particular year but surprisingly, the crime rate had come mow as the ill of projections revealed. As against this, the 1981 curves showed that the actual arrests had considerably exceeded the projections. In 1992, the actual arrests and projections were almost equal. However, the 1994 curves of the graph showed that nearly 20000 youthful arrests took center against the projection of some 17000 indicating that the officials had miserably failed in preparing the projections.I thought that this untold variance between actual figures and projections would drastically weaken the practice of law preparedn ess in controlling the juvenile crime and bring down the morale of the law enforcement department. Enforcement statistics and reports with such pitfalls would speak of the poor law and lay management skills. It had clearly indicated to me that this police failure would also lead to the enhancement of crime rate in the state. ... I thought that this much variance between actual figures and projections would drastically weaken the police preparedness in controlling the juvenile crime and bring down the morale of the law enforcement department. Enforcement statistics and reports with such pitfalls would speak of the poor law and order management skills. It had clearly indicated to me that this police failure would also lead to the enhancement of crime rate in the state. I had made up my mind to set right the things. I thought the officials were not analytic in preparing the estimates. Then I had called for the complete details of juvenile crime records, area wise. A thoroughgoing exa mination of these files and records revealed that the statistics were prepared in name of the total number of juvenile arrests, and not in terms of age groups. 3When questioned, the officials explained that they had been preparing the statistics in the same manner for a long time. I ordered them to interrupt up that practice and begin preparing the crime statistics in terms of age groups, smaller areas, bigger towns and sexuality wise. I instructed them to prepare special statistical reports for juvenile crimes separately for the capital city Raleigh and the largest city Charlotte. This bifurcation would certainly help in establishing the nature of crimes committed by the contrasting age groups at different places. It would also help in analyzing the reasons and circumstances pushing the teenagers towards crime world. I reminded the officials of how two boys, aged around 7 and 8 were accused of killing a 11- year old girl in Chicago,

Changes in government policy towards domestic violence Essay

Changes in government policy towards domestic help forcefulness - Essay exemplificationDomestic ferocity includes female genital mutilation, forced marriage and honour crimes. In England and Wales, domestic violence is rampant at 25% of all convulsive crime. Statistics of The British Crime Survey of 2000 reveal that domestic violence comprises 40% of the violent incidents reported by women and 10% of the violent incidents reported by men1. The self-completion element of the British Crime Survey of 1996 reveals that 25% of women and 17% of men will be a dupe of domestic violence2.Domestic violence is a complicated issue and the police, health, social services and education bodies save to attach greater importance to it. The Government has to ensure that domestic violence is accorded the organisational priority of those bodies that have to earn about change. The self - completion section of the British Crime Survey of 1996, highlights the importance of the adoption of a well co nsidered and planned approach to this problem. The data of this survey have revealed that 50% of the women suffering from domestic violence had children less than sixteen years in the household4.The Governments Fact sheet on Domestic Violence has accepted that domestic violence is rarely a non-off event5. Moreover, common assault is considered to be a comparatively minor offence, therefore considering domestic violence to be common assault detracts from the gravity of the pattern of conduct that result in individual incidents. Domestic violence takes place in an intimate or family-type affinity and constitutes a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour between adults. Some of the tactics employed by the perpetrators of domestic violence include psychological, sexual and physical violence, emotional and verbal abuse, isolation, threats and intimidation, harassment, destruction of property, actual or threatened harm to children and pets and financial control. Crime statistics a nd research have revealed that no woman irrespective of race, social or religious group, class, sexuality, disability or lifestyle is safe from domestic violence, which is repetitive, life-threatening and destroys the lives of women and children. In the UK 25% to 33% of women experience domestic violence from a male partner in their lifetime, and on an comely 1 woman is killed every three days in England due to domestic violence and the frequence of calls to the police for assistance is one per minute. Domestic violence incidents constitute 25% of all reported violent crime, despite the fact that less than 35% of actual domestic violence is reported to the police. It is essential for the evil justice system to intervene and prosecute perpetrators of violence to women and children in order to improve protection and galosh for abused women and children. This will permit them to lead violence free lives. A major factor that helps uphold

Healthcare Policy And Its Effectiveness Assignment

Healthcare Policy And Its Effectiveness - Assignment ExampleThese agencies also bear the role of championing for their grievances. These acknowledge pay crisis and the roles of each in the medical checkup field. They also determine the requirements in the market which helps in the outgrowth of the course outline in the colleges and universities offering the courses (Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, web)In many states and countries, the health celestial sphere is managed free from political processes which derail the provision of quality health services to the society. The payment of medical practitioners is done by the national or state government. The establishment and development of policies that govern the health sector is a gradual process that includes the includes stakeholders and the government (Skolnik, 2012, p. 263-267).. Due to the sensitivity of the matters affecting health, it is always advisable that the policies be set by the professionals in the field w ith consultation from the legal administrative officers in the region.

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender Movie Review

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender - Movie revue ExampleThe movie is made in the context of Rodney King sparked LA riots in 1992 and its impact on people with a special reference to the lives of students at Wilson High School after a a few(prenominal) years of riots. Director set the stage for a serious subject in the very descent of the movie while filming street situation and unrest during riots. Long Beach is a gang-infested and free place where violence and killing is the everyday story. This scenario wages a new war in streets and discipline is no different, a cynical resentment and anger moves in school hallways and triggers violent confrontations between students at any point in time. In the very beginning, Erins enthusiasm for teaching was scoffed at and her students were entitle to be un-teachable rather at-risk gangsters who can never be tamed. Despite her unexpected encounter with students and their arrogant behavior, Erin heady to fight for the purpose o f her presence in school as a teacher. After the initial strange reaction to her efforts, Erin creatively tried to be friend with students. It was the only way to unite the teens and teach them to mean beyond the racial divided that they couldnt cross even in the classroom. Their minds were blocked by the perceptions that they were anything overlook students they were blacks, whites or Cambodians. Erin wanted to expose them to different perspectives and ideologies beyond their own streets and homes. It was only possible through books exclusively to Erins surprise, school authority not only refused to provide books but other resources as well. For authorities, it was the take of time and resources. Somewhat discouraged and shocked, Erin takes up the part-time job in order to provide students with study aids. By encouraging students to write what they feel like in their diaries inspired by Anne Frank and Zlatas Diary A childs life in Sarajevo, she not only worked on their wordi ng skills but also taught them tolerance and compassion.

Past and Present Economical situation (Macroeconomics) of South Africa Research Paper

Past and Present Economical situation (Macroeconomics) of southwestward Africa - Research subject ExampleIn the similar context, it has been stated by the scientists that the Late Stone Age people are living in southern part of Africa for a very long period before the blacks or the whites came into being to stay there. Furthermore, it seat be stated that harmonise to the evidences provided it can be observed that a sculpture of a rock is created by the Khoisan around 26000 years ago. The introduction of iron changed the African stainless completely and it therefore provided a boost in the development of mankind. Agriculture has altered the lifestyle of the African people completely as southbound Africa largely is an agricultural country. The farming of agricultural lands provided an important grimace in the boilers suit development of African population. Agriculture is a key contributing factor towards the boilersuit economic growth in South Africa (The Early History of Sout h Africa, n.d.). Short History around the Economic Background of South Africa South African economy has been a generally fluctuating economy. In the past few decades, it has witnessed a sustained growth in terms of real per capita income. However, in new-fangled decades noticeable fall in real per capita income was observed primarily collect to political instability as well as change in the country. According to the observation of World Bank, it can be idealised that in the middle income nations such as South Africa economic regress can occur as rapidly as economic progress. The spheric economic environment has been a major influence on the pattern of economic development in South Africa over its historical progression (Fedderke & Simkins, 2006). Figure hearty Per Capita GDP as well as Associated Growth Rate, A Historical Trend in South Africa Source (Fedderke & Simkins, 2006) In the current context, the economy of South Africa is recovering from the earlier setbacks, but it ha s been weakened out-of-pocket to certain economic slumps. Moreover, with reference to the current trend of advanced economies, it can be recognized that due to economic setbacks growth has become too low largely due to considerable depression in unemployment. In the related context, it can also be said that according to World Economic Outlook, it can be predicted that there was slump in the economic aspects from the initial part of 2012. Economy in the global context will remain at around 3.3 percent and 3.6 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. Productivity is expect to remain sluggish in advanced economies, providing no effect on the emerging markets and developing economies. Moreover, unemployment is promising to stay high in most of the parts in the world, with the financial conditions remaining delicate according to the reports presented by Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) in October 2012. These factors have an impact on the overall economic scenario in South Africa in the coming years (International Monetary Fund, 2012). Demographics of South Africa Demography is the mathematical study of prevailing human populations. It includes the study of the structure, size as well as distribution of change dimensions of a countrys population which also relates to birth, age and death. The analysis can be coordinated in the context of certain societal or group aspects such as education, nationality and ethnicity among others. The demography of South Africa is estimated on the basis of the statistical information gathered

The growth of Indian casinos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The growth of Indian casinos - Essay archetypeIn California, perhaps more than in any other state, Indians have endured uninterrupted exploitation, brutality, and sorrow. patronage the general conquest all Native Americans had suffered in the past centuries, Californian Indians also were forced to have a go at it whites cruelty and greed in times of Golden Rush. Than because of the gold (on which California Indians had never set often value, for example, in comparison with the nature) they were forced to give up native lands. With the time, tribes and smaller California Indians bands position did not take a turn for the better. California basically ignored its Indians, right through the 1970s. Tribal problems were never discussed. Lieutenant governor McCarthy, a leading opponent of Indian gambling says. How then California Indians could be fully blamed for trying to survive in the only way they were left?Someone whitethorn say that an illegal way is not an answer under any circ umstances, however hard our intent can be. Thats true, but developing their gambling business California Indians were actually trying to spend casinos in the legal way. For example, in 1990s, the tribes said they wanted to sign a compact, but then Governor Pete Wilson who had no great love of gambling or Indians refused to negotiate. Government itself had pushed them on illegal way. And straightway tribes are blamed for using their authority and financial resources for purpose of becoming a state political power.

HISTORY OF CAMBODIAN IMMIGRANTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HISTORY OF CAMBODIAN IMMIGRANTS - Essay Exampleas well as their assimilation into the Ameri digest society. The first batch of Cambodian immigrants arrived in the USA antecedent than 1975 because of a study exchange program that the American government entered into the Cambodian government that allowed Cambodian students to act their studies at the California State University in the Long Beach, which resulted in a considerable number of Cambodians principally students living in the neighboring town of Long Beach (Bunte, Joseph, and Wobus 2). The Cambodians presence in the U.S. can be traced back to the early and late 1970s when many students benefited from the America-Cambodia education exchange program and broke out(p) of war in Cambodia, which resulted in the overthrowing of the government by the Communist rule.In 1974, the US-backed government in Cambodia was overthrown by the Communist rule a situation that culminated in both political and military instability in Cambodia. Th e same scenario was replicated in Vietnam as the Communist rule also took over governance in the democracy sending the devil countries into turmoil. The international community had invested a considerable amount of support in the twain nations as far as management is concerned to restore political stability and human rights in the Indochinese region. The Communist rule in the Khmer Republic declared a Zero Year an operation that was meant to stultify every aspect of Cambodia to its knees (Sou Chea slide 3 Needham, and Quintiliani). It was aimed at destroying the educational, social and economic aspects of Cambodia so as it can be viewed as a failed state with no standards or values (Operations and Readiness Directorate 19).In essence, the Communist Rule was aimed at destroying all the political, social and economic gains that Cambodia has made with the help of its international affiliate and thus creating a humanitarian crisis in the nation. The period between 1975 and late 197 6 saw close to two

Business final report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business final report - Research Paper ExampleEconomic all(prenominal)y, Wal-Mart has been able to expand its change to almost 50% even during the recession. Wal-Mart has been admired adult malewide due to its social aspect in respecting it customers and new(prenominal) individual who form part of their social life. In addition, Wal-Mart has been able to create environmental sustainability through patience of important sustainability goals. However, the company has had allegations of disregarding its employees rights. In another dimension, Wal-Mart is a leader in the mapping and application of technology in the effort to maximize operational efficiency. I would like to thank all those helped me in the research. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. J.L Waltman for being part of my research as he guided me through, especially on the best approach to use in order to perfect my report. hedge of Contents 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Political Factors 4 1.3 Economic factors 5 1.4 Socia l Factors 7 1.5 environmental factors 8 1.6 Legal factors 9 1.7 Technological factors 10 1.8 Conclusion 11 References 12 1.1 Introduction Wal-Mart is oneness of the renowned supermarket brands in the States running numerous chains of large departmental store and store stores (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2011). Apparently, the multinational store has been able to maintain its thriving market especially in the United States of America and other move of the world (Matusitz & Lord, 2013). According to a research that was conducted in regard to Wal-Mart operations, it is evident that the multinational crapper has immensely gained a negative bad number in most part of the world where most of its stores and branches are found (Hicks, 2009). In light of this, Wal-Mart is continuously seeking to lessen the brand image through ensuring that they fly the coop professionally. 1.2 Political Factors Initially, Wal-Mart Corporation has placed its stores in the United States of America and other parts of the world. As such, it is important to ensure that at that place is political stability in such countries as this plays a huge role in maintaining market. If it happens that the some of the countries where some of the branches are suffer from political instability, it is advisable for the hatful to withdraw it market avoid poor market generated through politics in specific countries. Similarly, the corporation should be aware of the different government regulations and deregulation in the United States of America and other outside(prenominal) countries such as Canada, Argentina, and China where the branches are situated (Karlgaard, 2013). Also, it is worth noting that government regulation and deregulation varies accord to different countries. Any organization, corporation or business entity that wants to thrive in business must work within the regulations of a habituated country or state. In relation to this, the corporation should ensure that it follows the craftine ss restrictions that are used in all its locations. In relation to this, Wal-Mart has continuously paid tax in all the countries that its branches are located. Payment of taxes indicates that the corporation is politically responsible and is ready to work and follow the rules and regulations of the given countries. 1.3 Economic factors Economic factors specifically affect the corporations operations, as well as, the making of its decisions. Thus, there is must be economic growth, substantial rates of interest, over and above,

The importance of statistics and consumer research in marketing Essay

The importance of statistics and consumer seek in merchandising - Essay modellingIn this way, both consumer research and statistics ar found involved in marketing operation. This study is breathing out to explore of how consumer research and statistics are important to marketing. The importance in terms of application and the outcome pull up stakes be explored and described in this study. The objective here is to understand the relationships in the midst of marketing and consumer research and between marketing and statistics altogether. Importance of Consumer Research and Statistics in Marketing During marketing operation, strategists and marketers are keen to understand their consumers. They are deliberately in search of knowing their consumers perception, behaviors and their buying attitudes which help the marketers to bring effective marketing campaigns and strategies (Roosi and Allenby). For this world-wide knowing and understanding, marketers plan the operation of consume r research which digs out all the information pertinent to consumers and their behaviors. Decisively, consumer call for and wants are uncovered through market consumer research (Mazzocchi). Consumer research basically gives the manifestation about how customers channel and what are their levels of motivations towards specific products or services. This research sets the direction for marketers that they bring a comprehensive marketing strategy, which is next to consumers behaviors and their buying choices (Mazzocchi 10). ... Marketers conduct consumer research in order to understand the dynamics of a particular market. Definitely, distributively market has a distinctive background and which modifies or changes with the aspect of time and with the changes in attributes and characteristics of consumers present in that market (Mazzocchi). For understanding the varying dimensions of a market, the varying dimensions of consumers are important to be known, which is only practicable b y conducting effective consumer research and consumer diagnosis. Without studying the market and consumers trends, a marketer cannot devise a sizeable workable marketing strategy (Roosi and Allenby). The strategy, which can impact the dynamics of a market and can tempt diverse market consumer, may certainly require a comprehensive consumer research. For all these reasons, marketers consider consumer research as a significant part of marketing planning. They realize that without consumer research, marketing plans cannot be effectuated or level(p) initialized. A well-organized consumer research is actually a source to ideate a well-incorporated marketing plan. This indicates that strategically and distinctively there is a significant relationship between consumer research and marketing. Without consumer research marketing is incomplete and besides without marketing consumer research is reasonless or futile. This shows a certain sort of connection between marketing and consumer res earch. Both are part of individually other and so are dependent on each other (Mazzocchi 30). In marketing, the core objective of consumer research is to gather consumer related information. This process of information charm in consumer research is made possible by means of statistical models and techniques. There are contrary

Identify the key characteristics of the health care services external Essay

Identify the key characteristics of the wellness solicitude aids external environment and discuss their implications for for the pro - Essay ExampleWhereby, external environment whitethorn involve analyzing Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats that may tinct prep of wellness care service (SWOT analysis). On the other hand, internal environment of a wellness care service may involve determining hospital clients, competitors, stakeholders/collaborators as well as climate which an organization is run in (Muller, Bezuidenhout and Jooste, 2006). External factor may include a social, religious believes, occupation and education train may affect provision of health care go (Hitchcock, Schubert and Thomas, 2003). In supplement, health campaigns via the social media may influence passel behaviours towards health services. For example health mass media may sensitize and encourage community on the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This in turn may hav e a significant impact on provision of health services (Moseley, 2009). Economic factors may further affect provision of health services. For example, the discrepancies in people levels of income may determine the accessibility of health services. Whereby, poor people may not be in a position to afford quality health services unlike the affluent. Additionally, laws and regulations may affect provision of health services because organization must observe realised health standards. Hospitals and health organizations must protect the environment and ensure that people take medical redress cover. On the contrary, internal factors may involves people believes and their core values with respect to the provision of health care services. Connectively, internal factors may further involve the level of knowledge among the people. This may significantly impact provision of health services because people with higher level of knowledge are likely to seek health services than the less knowledge able members of the society (Muller, Bezuidenhout and Jooste, 2006). Key characteristics of the health care services external and indwelling Health care Environment External Health Care Environment The United Kingdom health care service contains the following characteristic population size, mandate, accountability, funding and managing performance. Population characteristic entails actions undertaken by mingled bodies much(prenominal) as strategic health authority which is responsible for a population of 2.6-7.5 million people. In addition, the primary care trust was responsible for a population of more than ninety thousand people. On the other hand, the public care trust collaborated with local authorities in provision of health. In addition the general practice and foundation trust were also involved in health population (The deepen Foundations, 2009). Mandate involves the duties and responsibilities that system managers, commissioners and General practice should execute. For instance, system managers should not only make health plans but they should also monitor the progress of both National Health Service and Primary Care Trust. On the contrary, health care commissioners have a duty of developing local health strategies as well as monitoring and integrating social and health services. In addition, general practice (GP) such as nurses, pharmacist therapist, opticians and dentist they have a both clinical and managerial responsibility (The depart Foundations, 2009). In above connection, Secretary of state for health and department of health should be responsible in quality of health and ensure close monitoring of both National

Contract problem solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contract problem solving - Essay pillow slipThe discussion that follows result examine the actual erect and take backance and their implications for the existence or non-existence of legally bind variation clause. Another important issue arises out of the doctrine of consideration. If there is no consideration, a binding contract will not exist at all.The brochure submitted by ICL to GSL contains the type of computer that GSL is looking for for, but requires a software modification. The computer is advertised at 2,500 pounds as is. GSL responds to the advertised model by asking whether or not the software modification underside be made. ICL replies that the software modification can be made, but will be subject to a price variation and that variation will override any clauses contained in the purchase smart set. Upon placing the cast, GSL submits their standard order form which does not contain a variation clause, but does state that the parties are bound by the terms and c onditions contained in the purchase order. Upon receiving the order form, ICL signs the form and returns it to GSL.These facts are crucial since the contract between the parties will be formed at the remove moment at which an offer is accepted. In the course of negotiations it is typical for an offer to be made. That offer is needed to contain a definite promise providing sufficient and unambiguous details for the other party to accept or decline.1 All contracts begin with an offer, it therefore follows that the offer is required to be stated with clarity. Put another(prenominal) way, the party to whom the offer is directed or communicated must be able to determine from that offer merely what it is that is being offered as well as the terms of the offer.2 The law is quite clear that in order for the acceptance of an offer to be legally binding it must follow the essential substance of the offer made.3The offer in this case originated in a catalogue. The initial question is

Humanities Baroque Period or Italian Reinassance or Northern Essay

Humanities baroqueness Period or Italian Reinassance or Northern Reinassance - Essay showcaseThe Fountain of the Four Rivers, created between 1648 and 1651 and commissioned by Pope Innocent X, is Berninis boastfullyst and most storied fountain. He was asked to erect a monument sufficiently large enough to emphasize the center of the substantive without upsetting its unity. At the same time, the fountain not axially related to the faade of S. Agnese had to be attuned to the Baroque church that had been planned for the area, but not yet erected. The difficulty of the assignment itself was daunting, yet Bernini managed to execute a fountain that not only complemented its location, but also captured attention as a monument in and of itself, speaking with eloquence and grace regarding the new ideas of his age. Although the fountain was actually executed by a large group of co-workers who worked under Berninis direct supervision, existing sketches provide proof that the idea and the design are definitely Berninis. In recognition of the Age of Exploration that characterized this entire time period, the fountain represents the four continents that were place in Berninis time, which were Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas, via the four major rivers that were associated with each of these continents the Nile, the Danube, the Ganges and the Rio della Plata respectively. The continents are represented by a different figure at each of the cardinal points of the fountain with significance attached to the direction they tone helping viewers to identify the continent being represented.

Philanthropy of henry ford Annotated Bibliography

Philanthropy of henry ford - Annotated Bibliography Example crossover brought about many changes in the automobile industry. His vision was to provide the Americans with a car that each of them could afford. The scratch line car built by ford called Model T changed the way millions of people lived in coupled States allowing them to travel faster as well as work farther away from home. Fords changes to the automobile industry left a lasting mark on the United States. As a result, this vision helped create the middle class in United States marked by urbanization, rising wages, human race of national highway systems, growth of suburbia as people could travel anywhere anytime. As the existence of the Model T grew, he aimed towards global expansion of his company.Consumerism was his global vision as key to peace. He thought that international trade and cooperation can lead to international peace and he demonstrated this by using the assembly line and production of Model T. He also be lieved on the economic freedom for United States. Soon Ford Company became the largest industrial complex that had its own vertical integration and could horizontal produce its own steel. Henry Ford can be considered as a philanthropist because of this piece to the people of United States and the world.Gregory Stobbs uses the Ford and his assembly line to explain about the patents methods in business. He explains how Ford developed the assembly line and what were the economic repercussions of his invention.For example, Russ mentions that the automobile assembly line was built keeping the ingredient of labor in mind. Previously, skilled craftsmen manufactured a whole car from ground using weapons and materials from the tool room as per their needs. Ford wanted that each worker whether skilled or un-skilled work on one part of the car and add their part when the vehicle would roll down the assembly line. from each one person would be doing a repetitive job without ever having to worry about other move of the

How Lack of Education Affects Children in India Research Paper

How Lack of Education Affects Children in India - Research Paper eccentricEducation in India is catered for in most cases by the presidency through public schools and by clubby providers under the umbrella of private schools (Chamberlain, 2000). Funding for information, in this case, comes from three distinct sources namely the federal, state and topical anesthetic governments in respective areas. Both Union and state government have control over nurture in the country with a clear family of roles that are to be performed by each division of the government. Access to basic education is iodine of the fundamental rights that have been entrenched in the constitution of India where it is clear stated that every citizen has a right to getting access to quality education in the country. Statistics maneuver that for the past two decades, India has made tremendous progress in terms of access to primary education (Chamberlain, 2000). However, there have been areas where access to ed ucation has been hindered by several factors that have affected children in one way or the other. Despite a lot of developments in areas that of innovation and accessibility, India continues to face several challenges in terms of access to basic education especially to children in remote areas. Research shows that despite proceed investment in education, at least 25% of school-age children in India are still illiterate. The government of India has determined a lot of emphasis on primary school education which is popularly referred to as primary(a) education in India. In an effort to ensure high levels of turnout at elementary levels, the government of India has moved to ensure that child labor in the country has been banned and that no school-age child is left(p) behind.

Business Ethics Mid-Term Examination Assignment

business line Ethics Mid-Term Examination - subsidisation ExampleThe ethical philosophies of an individual are characterized by ethical principles and norms that they possess as their ethical frames for reference. all(prenominal) individual faces to take moral endings on daily basis. These decisions revolve around the questions related to correct or false. Therefore, the bases in accordance with which these decisions are produced are shown several researchers (Stead, Worrel, & Stead, 1994). Purtilo (2005) showed that the three steps in the Individual honest Decision-Making Process are recognizing and defining the issues that are ethical, reflecting upon and interpreting the information gathered in recognition of the issues, implementing and evaluating the decision taken. Define business moral philosophy and explain the value of focusing on conduct rather than characteristics. Business morals is the appliance of our perceptive of good and right to the collection of technologies , institutions, transactions, pursuits and activities. According to Rossouw et al. (2007) business ethics has been referred to those ethics that focuses on what is good and right especially in economical activities. Hence business ethics is more(prenominal) focused upon morally evaluating economic activities and practices. For the long term survival of any business and its profitability the ethics involved in the business are very essential to be followed. The failure of many companies is overdue to unethical behaviors. The companies with sound principles of business ethics are desirely to benefit more and submit a lesser risk of developing a bad reputation that can be harmful for the social club in terms of future perspective. The board has the responsibility to actively manage the ethics performance of the company. Virtues have been ascertaind as the main features that are valued by moral philosophers and religious thinkers. Identify and define the six high virtues presented by Peterson and Seligman. Select a virtue you believe is inherently important to the memorise of business ethics, identify its corresponding character strengths and explain why it is important. The six high virtues presented by, Peterson & Seligman (2004) are discussion and awareness, bravery, humanity, fairness, self-control and transcendence. Wisdom and knowledge involves the cognitive strengths which engage the acquisition and use of knowledge the creativity thinking, curiosity, open-mindedness and things like love for mastering new skills etc. Courage involves the emotional strengths, the implementation of will to achieve goals, forever speaking and supporting truth and being pure and genuine. Humanity relates to interpersonal strengths like kindness, doing good whole works for other, social intelligence and being aware of the feelings of others. Justice involves fairness in treating all people as well and working well in teams. Temperance refers to the strengths that prot ect against excess, forgiveness, modesty, and prudence etc. Transcendence relates to appreciation of honesty and being aware of and thankful for the good things go acrossing. Although all the virtues are important but justice, honesty, fairness happen to be the most important of all as all the other virtues revolve around it. If a person is not capable of doing justice and being honest then none of the other virtues declare

Methods for Simply Supported Beams and Columns in Steel Essay

Methods for merely Supported Beams and Columns in Steel - Essay compositors case(Lecture 10.6.2 snip Connection II)To define the total and fractional shear connection, one can simplify as only a simply supported beam by means of constant cross-sections that are deemed to consideration of an as dispersed loading or of one concentrated load, but cannot be both.By taking the critical aloofness of a simply supported beam into consideration, the ultimate worth of the overall longitudinal shear force in the length could be calculated by presuming that the plastic resistance moment can be attain within the inner critical cross-section.Therefore the overall longitudinal shear force is equivalent to the slight significant plastic axial resistance within either the steel component or the cover slab within the critical cross-section in question.We can assume that fictile connectors are used for the moderateness of the determination method for a partial shear connection. One should es tablish the notion of a lessen definitive moment curve and lacking the need to assess the slip along the steel-concrete interface.By assumptive that all(prenominal) connector cultivates its design shear resistance, the overall longitudinal shear force within e rattling significant length is equivalent to the total of the shear resistances of the connectors and also to the ultimate compressive force within the concrete slab.A significant choice for the efficient usage of composite beams in buildings is the partial shear connection. Simply supported beams designs depend on the connector ductility and when non-ductile shear connectors are employed the use of an lively beam theory is used within the simplest design method, assessing the longitudinal shear force per unit length, although when the ductile shear connectors are used, the employment of plastic resistance of cross-sections used within the stress block design method. (Lecture 10.6.2 Shear Connection II)A minimal measure of connectivity depends upon the beams extent and attention is attracted to the requirements thereof. Through the application of the new (FRP) character reference reinforced polymer bars as extra strengthening within civil engineering constructions, by quick attaining progress, it may well substitute the conventional steel as it consists of superior matter and of a very good cost-effectiveness. It also adds an advantage of more durability to conventional steel within a tangled atmosphere and surroundings and within areas where conventional steel has the unneeded magnetism or electricity conduction. 172357 3Another method of column design is within a non-sway bare steel structure. A semi-rigid design of partially restrained columns in non-sway steel frames. (Journal of Constructional Steel Research 1999) This of which withholds the semi-rigid action of the beam to column connectivity upon the approximation of the efficient length ratio.

The pathology, physiology and biochemistry of hypertension Essay Example for Free

The pathology, physiology and biochemistry of high blood pressure EssayHypertension is a condition in which the item-by-items credit line drag rises to an abnormal level. In this condition, the systolic daub instancy is persistently supra 140 mm of Hg and/or the diastolic simple eye is persistently above 90 mm of Hg. The quantity of rail line pumped by the cheek, and the coat of the communication channel order the rakehell force per unit area ( breed pressure = cardiac payoff * peripheral vascular opposite). Besides this, the quantity of water present in the personate, the flavour levels, kidneys, nervous outline, hormone levels, etc, also play a very important role in find out the blood pressure (Najafian, N., 2006).The blood pressure tends to plus with jump on, and is about 160/95 at the age of 50 years. There may several ca social occasions link up to hypertension. However, in 95 % of the cases a single vestigial cause is not found, which may be due(p)( p) to interplay of several factors. This type of hypertension is known as essential hypertension. In more than 70 % of such individual, a pattern of inheritance is observed. some(prenominal) ethnic groups such as Jews, Afri jakes-Ameri ass and Japanese, develop hypertension more often (Mayo Clinic. 2006).Studies have exhibit that the important cause for essential hypertension is an increase in the peripheral unsusceptibility of the blood vessels. This inconvenience can develop due to sympathetic nervous activity or from narrowing of the blood vessels. The stay 5% of the cases be caused due to sealed disorders such as cardiac disorder (corarctation of the aorta), renal disorders (glomerulonephritis and degenerative pyelonrphritis), endocrinal disorders (such as pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome), drug usage (such as corticosteroids, certain birth control pills) and sometimes during pregnancy.Excessive hormones ar released in pheochromocytoma, which cau se an increase in the cardiac output and rise in the peripheral vascular resistance. In the renal disorder, the kidneys do not function efficiently, resulting in atomic number 11 keeping in the body. In some conditions, excessive rennin is produced by the kidney resulting in activation of the angiotensin II (that has great vasoconstrictor action). Angiotensin II encourages release of aldosterone which causes atomic number 11 retention. In primary aldosteronism, the mineral sodium is retained in the body, along with changes in the vascular smooth muscles of the blood vessels (Boon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996).In individuals with essential hypertension, the great arteries experience changes in the vessel wall. The inner elastic lamina undertakes thickened the smooth muscles increase in size and fibrous tissues gets deposited. In an effort to normalise the blood flow, the arteries dilate and become tortuous. In such circumstances, due to the damage of the inner-lining tissues of th e blood vessels (endothelium), the deposition and retention of lipoproteins in the sub-epithelial wall develops. Along with this, other substances such as connective tissue matrix, smooth muscles, the mineral calcium, inflammatory cells and newly-developed blood vessels are formed. (Shah, P.K., 2001). Smaller blood vessels get narrowed, and aneurysms are formed.Due to these anatomical changes in the blood vessels, the blood flow and the peripheral vascular resistance is change magnitude. The process of atheroma is also hastened. If the blood supply to the kidney is stirred with the narrowing of the blood vessels, rennin and angiotensin are activated, and sodium and water are retained. Sometimes the associated narrowing of the blood vessels to the organs are so toilsome that the organs began to function abnormally. The kidneys produce proteinuria and microscopic haematuria. Besides, the blood supply to the brain is also affected as the arteries begin to narrow (Boon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996).In the body, multiple mechanisms may be involved in elevating the blood pressure. In arterial hypertension, the relationship between cardiac output and the total vascular peripheral resistance is distorted. Blood pressure is affected by several variables including genetic, environmental and demographic, which affect both the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance (includes age, sex, gender, body mass index, etc). Cardiac output has an effect on the blood volume which is influenced by sodium levels in the body. The peripheral vascular resistance is affected by hormonal and neuronal factors. Vasoconstrictors that reduce the lumen for blood flow include Angiotensin II, catecholamines and the endothelium.The vasodilatation factors include kinin and prostoglandins. several(prenominal) auto-regulatory mechanisms also take part in regulating the peripheral vascular resistance. They automatically increase the blood flow when vasoconstriction occurs. The local factor s that adjust the blood pressure include pH, hypoxia, alpha and beta-adrenergic mechanisms that affect cardiac contraction, vascular tone, heart beat, etc. The kidneys adjust the blood pressure in several ways. The rennin-angiotensin system (reticular activating system) affects the metabolism of sodium and peripheral vascular resistance. Renin is released by the juxtaglomerular cells that transform angiotensinogen present in the blood to angiotensin 1. This is later change to angiotensin II by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin increases the blood pressure by inducing vasoconstriction (action on the smooth muscles present in the blood vessels) and increasing the blood volume (by encouraging aldosterone release). The kidneys also increase the blood pressure by reabsorbing sodium from the proximal tubules. In this way the sodium levels increases in the body and thereby there is an increase in the blood volume (Schoen, F. J. 2002).The kidneys manage about 170 litres of blood filtration every day. This amount of blood contains about 23 moles of sodium chloride. More than 99.5% of this is reabsorbed back into the blood through noggin channels, exchange and transporter, etc. Certain changes in the proteins that involve sodium reabsorption may be denotative through genetic defects. This condition is known as Liddles syndrome. Likewise, several other components of the RAS system are affected by genetic defects. The kidneys may release reduced amounts of sodium leading to change magnitude blood volume and increased cardiac output, leading to a rise in the blood pressure (Schoen, F. J. 2002).The blood vessel wall may be directly stimulated by chronic vasoconstriction. This can lead to thickening of the blood vessel wall, which further narrows the lumen and raises the peripheral vascular resistance. Large and medium-sized blood vessels have associated changes in the blood vessel wall. Aortic dissection and haemorrhage can occur due to increased vas cular resistance. In small blood vessels, hyaline arteriosclerosis and hyperplasic arteriosclerosis can result (Schoen, F. J. 2002). catching defects can cause rare forms of hypertension. Deficiency in enzymes of aldosterone metabolism leads to increased release of aldosterone, and increased salt and water reabsorbtion (Schoen, F. J. 2002).Aldosterone is present in the cells of adrenal zona gloemerulosa. Angiotensin II helps to activate it through the RAS system. When the sodium levels decrease, and the blood pressure drops, the alodsterone gets activated. Angiotensongen is combined with renin. Angiotensin I is formed which is converted to Angiotensin II by the ACE enzyme present on the surface of endothelial cells located in the kidneys and the lungs. Aminopeptidase converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin III by the enzyme aminopeptidase (Schmidt, T.J. Et al. 2006).Several enzymes such as caboxypeptidases and aminopeptidases produce a number of subtacnes related to angiotensin such as angiotensin I, II, III, IV, etc. Each has their own physiological function. Several option pathways may be present mainly associated with angiotensin II production. Angiotensin I can be converted to another form known as Angiotensin-(1-9) by the enzyme carboxypeptidase (associated with ACE). This later gets converted to Angiotensin II. nurture studies need to be conducted on the exact mechanism by this conversion takes place. Clinically, ACE and angiotensin I receptor are significant, although a lot has to be studied about these alternate pathways (Kramkowski, K. Et al. 2006).The diagnosis of hypertension is made based on the history, symptoms, signs, and the results of several diagnostic tests such as urine tests, blood tests, cardiogram (ECG), chest X-rays, etc. Urine tests are required to determine the level of proteins, glucose, and the presence of blood in the urine. Blood tests are required to determine the level of urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides and hormone s in the blood. Chest X-rays, angiograms and MRI scans of the heart are required to determine the activity of the heart and the lungs.ECG is required to determine the electrical activity of the heart and abnormalities such as ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2003) have classified advertisement hypertension based on the severity of the blood pressure. These include normal blood pressure (120/80 mm), pre-hypertension (120-139/80-89 mm), stage 1 (140-159/90-99 mm), and stage 2 (150/100 mm). In pheochomocytoma a specialised test to determine the 24 hour urinary cathecholamine output may be performed. In Conns syndrome the blood rennin and aldosterone activity is determined (Boon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996).The main aim of preaching is to relieve the symptoms, reduce the effects of the sickness process and prevent further complications. Once hypertension is detected, the individual has to take care and follow certain measures in diet, lifestyle, physical activity and consume certain medications. Studies have demonstrated that timely and appropriate treatment can help reduce the occurrence of several complications such as stroke, renal failure and others. Besides, the fatalities due to cardiovascular events are significantly reduced (Boon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996).The individual has to consume a low-sodium diet, and reduce consumption of alcohol. Individuals, who smoke, may gain significantly if they stop the habit. Exercises can also be very beneficial to hypertensive individuals, and can drastically help reduce the blood pressure. Regular consumption of medications has ensured that the individuals blood pressure is within normal limits. Drugs are administered as a single or a combination therapy. The chore in hypertensive individuals is that they tend to stop the medications once the symptoms reduce. However, the disease can remain silent, and the individual may experience the complications, later. Henc e, it would be advisable to continue the medications as prescribed, with appropriate control of the side-effects. Several agents such as beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators are available which are administered appropriately. The first-line drugs use varies from one individual to another depending on the severity of the condition.Combination therapy is also available to treat fractious cases (or when hypertension cannot be controlled by drug doses at which side-effects do not develop). During emergency treatment of hypertension, the blood pressure should not be brought rapidly down as it can lead to brain damage, cardiac insufficiency and renal problems. The blood pressure has to be brought down to 150/90 level everyplace a period of one hour to ninety minutes. In an emergency situation, sodium nitroprusside is mode nonpareil solve down the blood pressure. Labetalol, oral nifedipine and hydrala zine are also ideal to bring to bring down the blood pressure reduced (Boon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996).ReferencesBoon, N.A. and Fox, K.A.A. 1996, Diseases of the Cardiovascular System. In Edwards, C.R.W., Bouchier, I.A.D. and Haslett, C., Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine, seventeenth ed, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 191-311.Kramkowski, K., Mogielnicki, A. and Buczko, W. 2006. The physiological significance of the alternative pathways of angiotensin II production. J Physiol Pharmacol, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 529-539.http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmedcmd=Retrievedopt=AbstractPluslist_uids=17229979query_hl=3itool=pubmed_docsumMayo Clinic Staff. 2006, advanced blood pressure (hypertension). Online, Available http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/DS00100/DSECTION=1, Accessed 2007, January, 30.Schmidt, T.J. and Litwack, G. 2006, Biochemistry of Hormones, in Devlin, T.M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, Wiley-Less, New jersey. 895-946.Schoen, F.J. 2002, Blood Vessels, in Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., Fausto, N. (eds), Robins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th ed, Saunders, Philadelphia. 2002. 423-444.Shah, P.K. 2001, Pathogenesis of arthrosclerosis, in Rosendorff, C., Essential Cardiology Principles and Practice, W.B. Saunders Company., Philadelphia.Tweedie, D. (2006). The Pathology of Hypertension (Heart/Circulation). Online, Available http//72.14.235.104/search?q=cacheizxWLiHy3tUJwww.uwo.ca/pathol/MedsII/Notes/CVS-Hypertension.rtf+hypertension+pathologyhl=enct=clnkcd=4, Accessed 2007, January, 30.

Medical profession Essay Example for Free

Medical profession Es governAdolescence roughly covers the age from thir juvenile to eighteen. thusly they are called the teen years. Psychologist, educators and the medical profession all agree that adolescence is the most difficult confront an individualist may have to go through. It is a period of rapid changes in physical, cognitive and affectionate behavior (Hurlock, 1982). At this age the teen undergo a transition from innocence to awareness.He shifts from the egocentric world of childhood where his thinking is guided only by what is known or seen to a wide world within him and around him where he can logically think through its reality(Hilliard ,2003) The individual entered an age wherein suddenly there are so many things that he wants to know, understand and experience. It is at this time that primary (sex organs) and secondary sex characteristics start to develop. This includes growth of pubic hair, swelling of breast or number one menstrual period for girls and p enis growth for boys.Such changes are made possible due to biological change that are undergoing within their bodies. Both boys and girls began to release large quantities of sex hormones, estrogen for girls and androgen for boys. This hormonal change in turn may cause arousal and emotionality in both sexes as they began to figure there sexual values (Hurlock, 1982). Their physical and biological development may make teens as well self-conscious and they become strongly interested to the opposite sex. It is at this time that they first start go out (Huebner, 2000).Generally teens are primarily confronted with issues nigh sexuality that leads to confusion, chaos, rebellion and extra emotional sensitivity (Hurlock, 1982). developmental theories had been formulated to explain this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY The purpose of questionnaire is to know a teens view and military strength about sex. It does non tackle other sexuality issues like homosexuality and transgender. In developing my questionnaire I keep three things in mind I should not be biased, questions must be cloudless to avoid misunderstanding and that care should be taken so as not to offend or embarrass my respondents.I know that teens can be very sensitive and conscious of what wad say about them and for most of them sex is a private matter. To meet the above criteria I was careful in not committing the following errors in designing a questionnaire a) the respondent feels the information is none of my business (Do you get? ), b) Question lack a standard of reference ( do you feel comfortable discussing sex with people? What people? Friends? Parents?), c) the respondent does not know the answer (How many teens in your school disagree about premarital sex? ), andd) the respondent does not remember the answer and therefore guesses (How many girls does your best admirer dated last year? ). I first tested my questionnaire by letting one of my teen friends answer it. In this way I will know if the ques tions are clear and can be easily answered even when I am not around. I revised question/s that was stated not clear by my friend. The next task was to find a teen to be interviewed development the questionnaire. In order not to be biased I interviewed someone I do not know. In this way I have no idea regarding his sexual views.I went to a partnership park where all sorts and types of teens usually hangout during non-school days. I found a prospect in a group of boys who were dancing beside a stage. The person I interviewed volunteered to answer the questionnaire. He strikes me as a glad go lucky teen. He dresses nicely and smells good although he had been sweating because of their dance practice (he sensible me that his group will be joining a dance contest in their community). He smiles easily and seems not to take my interview seriously at first.